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Johannesburg
Johannesburg is the most populous city in South Africa
and the third most populous city in Africa, behind Cairo and Lagos.
Johannesburg is the site of a large-scale gold and
diamond trade due to its location on the mineral-rich Witwatersrand
range of hills.
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Africa : Swaziland Marijuana Growers Unstoppable, Police Say
6/17/05
The world's leading industrial democracies agreed this week to
cancel some $40 billion in debt owed by African nations in an
effort to jump-start the continent's ailing economies. But while
the impact of ponderous macro-level reforms will take time to
trickle down, farmers in the southern African kingdom of Swaziland
are making micro-level decisions to grow marijuana crops now,
and local police say they can't stop them.
From high in the kingdom's remote northern mountains comes "Swazi
Gold," a potent variety sought after in consumer markets
in nearby South Africa, which completely surrounds the New Jersey-sized
country, as well as Europe and North America. For Swazi farmers,
marijuana, or "dagga," as it is commonly known in southern
Africa, is a crop worth growing, despite police raids and herbicide
spraying. Smugglers will pay farmers about $150 a kilogram (2.2
pounds), a significant amount in a country where the average annual
income hovers around $1500.
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That same "Swazi Gold" will sell for about $11
an ounce in Johannesburg or Capetown, according to a Reuters report this
week. By the time it makes its way to the coffee shops of Amsterdam, it
goes for $7.50 a gram.
Swazi law enforcement finds itself fighting a losing battle as it butts
up against dagga's profitability. "We can't win this war," said
Ngwane Dlamini, head of criminal investigation in the northern region
of Hhohho. "This is just a drop in the ocean," he said as he
showed Reuters a field that had been discovered and destroyed. "The
people are poor and they can get much more money for marijuana than maize
or vegetables," he said.
According to Swaziland's Council Against Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 70%
of farmers in the Hhohho region are growing dagga for the domestic and
international market. Local officials blame drought and point to the mountainous
terrain, which makes maize-growing difficult. But a Hhohho women named
Khanyesile provided a more direct reason. As Reuters put it, her non-dagga
earnings consisted of "a patchy income selling shiny stones to tourists
at the side of the road."
"My husband died and I lost my job at the local furniture factory,"
said Khanyesile. "I needed money to feed my five children and send
them to school." She has been jailed and fined for her dagga, she
said, police have twice sprayed her field, and thieves stole her crop
once just before harvest. For Khanyesile and her family, the black market
in dagga is the only shot at economic survival. "You can't get money
for maize... and it is difficult to grow, but a man from South Africa
comes every month to buy my dagga," she said. She and her neighbors
grow dagga and sell it jointly to the South African buyer to minimize
his risks, she said. "I don't understand why the police want to stop
us growing dagga -- it is the only way we can make money."
"It is everywhere. At every stream or river the banks are full of
dagga," said Inspector Dlamani. That's not surprising. Not only has
dagga become a valuable cash crop, it has a long history of acceptance
in Swaziland, where it has been smoked for centuries by farmers and used
as medicine by healers. Even the chief of his home village smoked a pipe
of dagga twice daily, Dlamani noted, before returning to the fruitless
fight.
sources : http://stopthedrugwar.org/chronicle/391/swaziland.shtml
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